Notation for Simple
proposition
} Notation
is a system of written symbols.
} Simple
proposition can be written through a notation to show the essentials of
proposition
How to write the notation
} Simple
proposition has just one predicator which is written in capital letters
} The
arguments of the predicator are represented by single lower case letters,
putting one of these letter before the predicator and after the predicator (if
there are other predicator)
} The
element such as forms of the verb be, article, tense marker and certain
preposition are omitted.
} Preposition
which make no contribution to the sense of a sentence are omitted and vice
versa
} Two
word verbs such as look-for, turn down and switch on are treated as single
predicates
Examples:
} John
died j DIE
} Romeo
loved Juliet r LOVE j
} George
was a nephew of Alice g NEPHEW
a
} Arthur
dreamed
a DREAM
} Fido
is a dog
f DOG
} Popeye
loves Olivia
p LOVE o
} Arif
introduced Roro to Herianto a
INTRODUCE r h
} Roro
is an lecturer of uncp r
LECTURER u
} Roro
is an lecturer
r LECTURER
} Stanley
is crazy about Beethoven s CRAZY b
} Roro
is looking for student r
LOOK-FOR s
} Roro
is looking at students r
LOOK-AT s
} Harry
is beside Shalom h
BESIDE s
} Anto
is proud of Roro
a PROUD r
} Lukman
is shorter than Rista l
SHORT r
Equative Sentence
} Is
a sentence to declare that two referring expression found in the sentence have
the same referent.
◦ Example
:
– Venus
is the morning star
How to write the notation
of equative sentence
}
Use “=“ to represent the verb be
Example :
a.
Obama is the president of USA
o = p
b.
Venus is the morning star
V= ms
Connective : “And”
(&), “Or” (v)
} It
is used to make complex propositional formulae by connecting simple
propositional formulae
Example :
a.
Wayan loves Ina and Ani
(w LOVE
i) & (w LOVE a)
b.
Andy entered
and Mary left
(a ENTER) & (m LEFT)
C. Lukmas and Sarmianti are student
(l STUDENT) & (s STUDENT)
d.
God created Adam and Hawa
(g CREATE a) & (g CREATE H)
e.
Heri loves Roro and Roro loves Heri
(h LOVE r) & (r LOVES h)
Connectives
Use
connectives within sentences to join and show the relationship between ideas.
A
connective is a word or phrase that links clauses or sentences. Connectives can
be conjunctions (e.g. but, when, because) or connecting adverbs (e.g. however,
then, therefore) and preposition.
A
conjunction links ideas within a
sentence.
There
are two kinds of conjunction:
-
Co-ordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so)
-
Subordinating conjunctions (e.g. when, while, before, after, since, until,
because, although). These are a feature of complex sentences.
for
example:
1.
There is a blue bird in the garden. The
bird is eating seeds.
There is a blue bird in the garden and
it is eating seeds.
2.
I would love to have a dog.
could
be improved by adding either of these connectives and another clause, for
example:
a.
I would love to have a dog, but
my mum won't let me.
b.
I would love to have a dog, so I
am going to keep asking my mum.
3.
I would love to have a dog.
could
be improved by adding either of these connectives and another clause, for
example:
a. I
would love to have a dog, but my mum won't let me.
b. I
would love to have a dog, so I am going to keep asking my mum.
v other
connectives to join a main and subordinate clause, for example:
- I would have approached the witch if I had been braver.
- It's hard to knock on a witch's door when you are really scared.
- I was terrified of the witch because she was looking at me intently.
- I would have run from the witch however the door was bolted shut.
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